Calendari orto
Garden calendar for Bologna: what to sow and transplant month by month Local vegetable-garden calendar for Bologna.
Editions IT Italian EN English Garden calendar for Bologna For Bologna, this calendar shows when to sow, transplant, and protect the garden, based on local frost, heat, dry spells, and crop windows.
How to read the year In Bologna, the garden year is best read from the cautious last-frost date: after April 14, windows become more suitable for sensitive crops.
The strongest part of the calendar falls in June, July, August: these are the months with the most recommended direct-sowing and transplant windows.
Toward autumn, the cautious first frost is around October 30. The main year-level check is: cold risk for sensitive sowing, dry-spell risk: plan irrigation, heat risk for sensitive crops.
Municipality climate summary Municipality Bologna Province Bologna (BO) Region Emilia-Romagna Median last frost 0C March 19 Cautious last frost 2C April 14 First autumn frost 2C October 30 Average days above 30C 62.4 days Average longest summer dry spell 13.57 days Terrain and altitude Altitude profile Representative altitude 74 m a.s.l. Altitude range 15-381 m a.s.l. Total altitude difference 366 m Mean altitude 81.69 m a.s.l. Median altitude 48 m a.s.l. Standard deviation 68.58 m Variability moderate The municipality is relatively uniform or moderately varied: altitude still helps explain local microclimate, but it matters less than the average seasonal pattern.
Seasonal guidance Late winter / early spring Direct sowing
Transplants
Watch for: cold risk for sensitive sowing, dry-spell risk: plan irrigationFull spring Direct sowing
Swiss chard Carrot Tuscan kale +13 more Transplants
Broccoli Tuscan kale Onion +11 more Watch for: overall climate risk is moderateSummer Direct sowing
Swiss chard Carrot Tuscan kale +13 more Transplants
Broccoli Tuscan kale Cucumber +11 more Watch for: heat risk for sensitive cropsAutumn Direct sowing
Garlic Swiss chard Carrot +8 more Transplants
Broccoli Tuscan kale Fennel +4 more Watch for: cold risk for sensitive sowingMonthly calendar tmin 0.36 C tmax 7.99 C rain 40.85 mm dry 13.97 days Direct sowing: -Start indoors: OnionTransplants: -tmin 0.71 C tmax 9.61 C rain 49.92 mm dry 12 days Direct sowing: -Start indoors: Tuscan kale, OnionTransplants: -tmin 3.76 C tmax 14.02 C rain 47.85 mm dry 14.4 days Direct sowing: OnionStart indoors: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Onion, +5 moreTransplants: Oniontmin 7.3 C tmax 17.99 C rain 55.95 mm dry 9.43 days Direct sowing: Swiss chard, Carrot, Tuscan kale, +9 moreStart indoors: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Onion, +8 moreTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Onion, +4 moretmin 11.87 C tmax 23.34 C rain 59.77 mm dry 9.83 days Direct sowing: Swiss chard, Carrot, Tuscan kale, +10 moreStart indoors: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +11 moreTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Onion, +5 moretmin 16.29 C tmax 28.65 C rain 56.3 mm dry 10.53 days Direct sowing: Swiss chard, Carrot, Tuscan kale, +13 moreStart indoors: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +11 moreTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +11 moretmin 19.08 C tmax 32.27 C rain 38.23 mm dry 10.17 days Direct sowing: Swiss chard, Carrot, Tuscan kale, +13 moreStart indoors: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +8 moreTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +11 moretmin 19.35 C tmax 32.12 C rain 41.5 mm dry 9.87 days Direct sowing: Swiss chard, Carrot, Tuscan kale, +13 moreStart indoors: Tuscan kale, Cucumber, Strawberry, +2 moreTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Cucumber, +11 moretmin 14.58 C tmax 25.99 C rain 68.2 mm dry 9.13 days Direct sowing: Garlic, Swiss chard, Carrot, +8 moreStart indoors: LettuceTransplants: Broccoli, Tuscan kale, Fennel, +4 moretmin 9.97 C tmax 20.03 C rain 88.48 mm dry 9.7 days Direct sowing: Garlic, Radish, Arugula, +1 moreStart indoors: -Transplants: -tmin 5.16 C tmax 13.51 C rain 86 mm dry 9.13 days Direct sowing: GarlicStart indoors: -Transplants: -tmin 1.27 C tmax 8.8 C rain 53.22 mm dry 11.6 days Direct sowing: GarlicStart indoors: -Transplants: -Most flexible crops Recommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, September, OctoberMethod: direct sowingBest estimated success rate: 83%Data reliability: 0.8Recommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, September, OctoberMethod: direct sowingBest estimated success rate: 83%Data reliability: 0.8Recommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, September, OctoberMethod: direct sowingBest estimated success rate: 83%Data reliability: 0.8Recommended windows: March, April, May, June, July, AugustMethod: direct sowing, transplantingBest estimated success rate: 86%Data reliability: 0.8Crops to manage carefully Broccoli Watch-out: frost risk medium, heat risk high, dry-spell risk high, main limit: frostRecommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, SeptemberHow reliable the window is: recommended windowData reliability: 0.8Carrot Watch-out: frost risk medium, heat risk high, dry-spell risk high, main limit: frostRecommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, SeptemberHow reliable the window is: recommended windowData reliability: 0.8Tuscan kale Watch-out: frost risk medium, heat risk high, dry-spell risk high, main limit: frostRecommended windows: April, May, June, July, August, SeptemberHow reliable the window is: recommended windowData reliability: 0.8Onion Watch-out: frost risk medium, heat risk high, dry-spell risk high, main limit: cold during establishmentRecommended windows: March, April, May, June, July, AugustHow reliable the window is: recommended windowData reliability: 0.8Heat and dry spell notes Local note Heat: on average, 62.4 days per year exceed 30C. Intense heat: on average, 18.63 days per year exceed 35C. Method Start from local dates Use the dates for Bologna as practical guidance, then adjust for exposure, elevation, and shelter in your garden.
Check cold, heat, and dry spells Before sowing or transplanting, check frost, cold nights, heat waves, and periods without rain.
Respect crop needs Each crop needs warm enough soil, frost protection, and a different amount of time to reach harvest.
Choose the safest window Use recommended windows as the main reference; move earlier or later only when weather and microclimate help.
Sources and limits Use these dates as practical guidance, not fixed deadlines. Exposure, soil, containers, irrigation, and the next few days' forecast can move the right timing earlier or later.
Municipality registry: ISTAT Municipal altimetry and altitude bands: ISTAT geographic statistics for municipalities 2021 Local historical climate: NASA POWER Daily API Representative weather point: GeoNames Crop needs: OrtoClima Last data update: June 10, 2026 Read the full OrtoClima method
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