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OrtoClima Calendario locale dell'orto

Local calendar

Garden calendar for Parma

Climate summary, frost dates, monthly calendar, and recommended crops for a vegetable garden in Parma.

ParmaEmilia-Romagna

Italiano

Last frost

April 72 °C cautious

First frost

November 3autumn 2 °C

Days above 30 °C

66.6 daysaverage

Altitude

70 m a.s.l.

Summer dry spell

13.3 daysaverage

Season summary

  1. Full springAfter April 7. Milder temperatures and frost risk falling.
  2. SummerDry spell around 13.3 days: plan irrigation carefully.
  3. AutumnFirst 2 °C frost around November 3: slow the warm-season cycle.
  4. WinterVegetative rest, planning, and frequent frost risk.

Monthly calendar

MonthDirectIndoorsTransplants
Jan---
Feb-2-
Mar873
Apr12108
May13138
View all months

Main seasons and windows

  1. Full spring

    After the cautious 2 °C last frost April 7

    Best period for sowing and transplanting crops sensitive to cold.

  2. Summer

    Average summer dry spell 13.3 days

    Watch irrigation, mulch, and the warmest weeks.

  3. Autumn

    First autumn 2 °C frost November 3

    Last harvests and short-cycle crops before cold returns.

  4. Winter

    Rest and planning period

    Soil care, protection, and planning for the next cycle.

Monthly calendar

MonthSowingTransplantsNote
JAN--Prepare soil and covers; open field after April 7
FEBStart indoors-Indoor starts useful; open field after April 7
MARDirect sowing and indoor startsTransplantsIndoor starts useful; open field after April 7
APRDirect sowing and indoor startsTransplantsLate frosts possible until April 7
MAYDirect sowing and indoor startsOpen-field transplantsStagger sowing and transplants
JUNDirect sowing and indoor startsTransplantsHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
JULShort-cycle sowingsTransplantsHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
AUGShort-cycle sowingsTransplantsHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
SEPAutumn sowingsAutumn transplantsStagger sowing and transplants
OCTLast sowingsLast transplantsLast short cycles before frost
NOVDirect sowing-First frost around November 3
DECDirect sowing-Protect late crops or let the soil rest

Terrain and altitude

Seasonal guide

Most flexible crop windows

Crops that need extra care

Monthly calendar

Select a month to open the detailed page with recommended crops, climate risks, and harvest timing.

  1. JANFrequent frost
    • Direct-
    • Indoors-
    • Transplant-
    • NotePrepare soil and covers; open field after April 7
  2. FEBProtected starts
    • Direct-
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kale
    • Transplant-
    • NoteIndoor starts useful; open field after April 7
  3. MARProtected starts
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+5 more
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kaleFennel+4 more
    • TransplantTuscan kaleOnionStrawberry
    • NoteIndoor starts useful; open field after April 7
  4. APRFrost transition
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+9 more
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kaleFennel+7 more
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleOnion+5 more
    • NoteLate frosts possible until April 7
  5. MAYOpen field
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+10 more
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+10 more
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleOnion+5 more
    • NoteStagger sowing and transplants
  6. JUNSummer heat
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+13 more
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+10 more
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+11 more
    • NoteHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
  7. JULSummer heat
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+13 more
    • IndoorsBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+8 more
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+11 more
    • NoteHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
  8. AUGSummer heat
    • DirectSwiss chardCarrotTuscan kale+13 more
    • IndoorsTuscan kaleCucumberFennel+3 more
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+11 more
    • NoteHeat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
  9. SEPOpen field
    • DirectGarlicSwiss chardCarrot+10 more
    • IndoorsLettuce
    • TransplantBroccoliTuscan kaleCucumber+6 more
    • NoteStagger sowing and transplants
  10. OCTLast cycles
    • DirectGarlicLettuceRadish+2 more
    • Indoors-
    • TransplantLettuce
    • NoteLast short cycles before frost
  11. NOVFirst frost
    • DirectGarlic
    • Indoors-
    • Transplant-
    • NoteFirst frost around November 3
  12. DECProtection
    • DirectGarlic
    • Indoors-
    • Transplant-
    • NoteProtect late crops or let the soil rest

Method and limits

  1. Start from local dates

    Use the dates for Parma as practical guidance, then adjust for exposure, elevation, and shelter in your garden.

  2. Check cold, heat, and dry spells

    Before sowing or transplanting, check frost, cold nights, heat waves, and periods without rain.

  3. Respect crop needs

    Each crop needs warm enough soil, frost protection, and a different amount of time to reach harvest.

  4. Choose the safest window

    Use recommended windows as the main reference; move earlier or later only when weather and microclimate help.

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