Garden calendar for Avola: what to sow and transplant month by month

Season summary

Month	Direct	Indoors	Transplants
Jan	4	1	1
Feb	8	5	2
Mar	12	7	7
Apr	13	12	8
May	16	13	14

Full spring
After the cautious 2 °C last frost March 6
Best period for sowing and transplanting crops sensitive to cold.
Summer
Average summer dry spell 29 days
Watch irrigation, mulch, and the warmest weeks.
Autumn
First autumn 2 °C frost December 9
Last harvests and short-cycle crops before cold returns.
Winter
Rest and planning period
Soil care, protection, and planning for the next cycle.

Month	Sowing	Transplants	Note
JAN	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Transplants	Indoor starts useful; open field after March 6
FEB	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Transplants	Indoor starts useful; open field after March 6
MAR	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Transplants	Late frosts possible until March 6
APR	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Transplants	Dry spell: plan irrigation and mulch
MAY	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Open-field transplants	Dry spell: plan irrigation and mulch
JUN	Direct sowing and indoor starts	Transplants	Heat and dry spell: irrigate and shade at critical hours
JUL	Short-cycle sowings	Transplants	Heat and dry spell: irrigate and shade at critical hours
AUG	Short-cycle sowings	Transplants	Heat and dry spell: irrigate and shade at critical hours
SEP	Autumn sowings	Autumn transplants	Heat: avoid sensitive transplants in hot hours
OCT	Last sowings	Last transplants	Stagger sowing and transplants
NOV	Direct sowing	Transplants	Last short cycles before frost
DEC	Direct sowing	-	First frost around December 9

Radish
- Recommended windows: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
- Method: direct sowing
- Best estimated success rate: 97%
- Data reliability: 0.8
Arugula
- Recommended windows: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
- Method: direct sowing
- Best estimated success rate: 83%
- Data reliability: 0.8
Spinach
- Recommended windows: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November
- Method: direct sowing
- Best estimated success rate: 97%
- Data reliability: 0.8
Onion
- Recommended windows: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October
- Method: direct sowing, transplanting
- Best estimated success rate: 100%
- Data reliability: 1

Basil
- In the suggested window: heat risk medium, dry-spell risk high, window limit: soil too cold
- Evaluated window: direct sowing, from July 1 to July 31
- Data reliability: 0.8
Swiss chard
- In the suggested window: heat risk high, dry-spell risk high
- Evaluated window: direct sowing, from April 1 to September 30
- Data reliability: 0.8
Broccoli
- In the suggested window: heat risk high, dry-spell risk high
- Evaluated window: transplanting, from April 1 to September 30
- Data reliability: 0.8
Carrot
- In the suggested window: heat risk high, dry-spell risk high
- Evaluated window: direct sowing, from April 1 to September 30
- Data reliability: 0.8

Select a month to open the detailed page with recommended crops, climate risks, and harvest timing.

Start from local dates
Use the dates for Avola as practical guidance, then adjust for exposure, elevation, and shelter in your garden.
Check cold, heat, and dry spells
Before sowing or transplanting, check frost, cold nights, heat waves, and periods without rain.
Respect crop needs
Each crop needs warm enough soil, frost protection, and a different amount of time to reach harvest.
Choose the safest window
Use recommended windows as the main reference; move earlier or later only when weather and microclimate help.